Impact

Contents

Overview

IMPACT is an eclectic compilation of aggressive opening methods designed so as to minimise the disruption on the hands where partner needs to enquire in detail.

It is a strict system, in the sense that a hand can have only one "correct" opening bid (assuming consistent evaluation methods) the only exception being the choice between a 2§ fert or a 0-4 (or 16+) HCP forcing pass when non-vul, which we mix up - perhaps influenced by opinion of opponents, state of the match, etc.

All hands of clearly pre-emptive character are handled independently in a module exclusive of main-zone or fert openings (so that a shape and strength subsequently determined to be otherwise suitable as a Myxo must be flawed by poor texture or honour dispersion).

Myxo Twos are advocated, but clearly a partnership's favoured methods can be grafted instead, with appropriate compensations in negative inferences.

1NT opening

In the forcing pass auctions, 1NT is 10-12 or 13-15, depending on vulnerability. In the strong club auctions, 1NT is 12-15.

1NT can include a weak five card major, or 5-4 in the minors with strong doubleton majors.

Responses

Bid Description Comments
2§ Stayman Relay continuations.
2¨ / © / ª / NT Transfers When followed by a new suit they are canape invitational.
3-level To be discussed  

Relay responses

Initial response is simple stayman, with the following continuations:

Initial response Relay Responses
1NT-2§-2¨ 2ª
2NT § 2335-3235-3325-3334
3§ ¨ 2353-3253-3352
3¨ §¨ 2245-2254
3© §¨ 2344
3ª §¨ 3244
3NT ¨ 3343
1NT-2§-2© 2ª
2NT ª 4423-4432 zoom
3§ © 2533-3523-3532
3¨ ©§ 2434-3424
3© ©¨ 2443
3ª ©¨ 3442
3NT © 3433
1NT-2§-2ª 3§
3¨ ª§ 4234-4324
3© ª¨ 4243
3ª ª¨ 4342
3NT ª 4333

4333 shapes all finish at 3NT - more space is used because this shape is least likely to inspire Relayer to continue.

4432 and 5332 shapes are bid in "arithmetic" order. Think of the shape as a four-digit integer, and bid out the available permutations in ascending order.

This principle applies in most situations throughout Impact - authors refer to it as "bidding length upwards" or "bidding shortage downwards" (which amounts to the same thing).

There is no way to identify 5ª(332) specifically. Presumably one would not risk the bid with a weak doubleton, so the question arises as to which suit opener should slip his fifth spade into for the purpose of full clarification. With a strong doubleton, identify a 4333, otherwise show the (stronger if both held) minor as the second four-card suit, rather than risk Relayer's bidding an inferior 4© instead of 3NT (possibly with a 5-3 spade fit). Of course, should partner be so perverse as to relay out the controls, you will need to leave the fifth spade where you put it, so as to scan suits in the correct order!

Interference over 1NT

Response Description Exception
Double Penalty at the 2-level. Takeout at the 3-level.
2-level Natural non forcing.
2NT Over 2§/2¨, stayman.
Over 2©/2ª, asks for better minor.
3§ Natural non forcing. Shows ¨ over 2§, at least invitational.
3¨ ©, at least invitational. Stayman over 2©.
3© ª, at least invitational. Stayman over 2ª.
3ª 6+§, forcing. What is it over 2§?
3NT "Help" bid. No stopper, no major.
Over the better minor response to 2NT:

  • 3¨ is terminal
  • 3OM sets the minor
  • cue is stayman with a stopper (slow show).
  • Spades

    All hands with 10-15 HCP and 5+ spades are opened with 1ª, with 2 exceptions:

    • open 1© with 5-5 or longer with both majors
    • 5332 with a weak spade suit may optionally be opened 1NT, but this shape is not included in the relay structure.

    Responses

    Response Description Comments
    1NT Artificial and virtually game forcing relay  
    2§ / 2¨ / 2© Natural non-forcing, denies primary ª support  
    All responses higher than 2© set spades as trumps
    2ª Constructive raise, 7-10 HCP  
    2NT Singleton ©/§/¨, invitational or better  
    3§ Fit showing jump in ©/§, invitational or better Forcing to 3ª
    3¨ Fit showing jump in ¨, invitational or better Forcing to 3ª
    3© Limit (mixed) raise Forcing to 3ª
    3ª Bergen raise, 0-7 HCP  
    3NT Balanced forcing raise  
    4§ Primary support, ¨ void Forcing to 4ª
    4¨ Primary support, © void Forcing to 4ª
    4© Primary support, § void Forcing to 4ª
    4ª Classical raise  
    4NT Kickback  

    Relay responses

    After the relay response of 1NT (virtually game-forcing), opener rebids:

    Step Description
    2§ 4+¨ or 5ª(440) all 3-suiters
    2¨ 4+§ two-suiter
    2© 4© exactly, two-suiter
    Higher rebids all indicate spade single-suiters
    2ª High (heart) shortage
    2NT Mid (diamond) shortage
    3§ "Even" shortage (6322 or 7222)
    3¨ 5332
    3© 6331
    3ª 7330
    3NT 7(32)1 zoom

    Hearts

    1¨ opening shows 10-15 HCP and an unbalanced hand with 4+ hearts. Exceptions:

    • 5332 with a weak heart suit may optionally be opened 1NT. The 1NT relay structure allows for this.
    • Hands with 5+ spades are always opened 1ª, unless they also contain 5+ hearts.
    • Three-suited hands with short spades are opened with the utility bid.
    • In the strong club version of the system, the 1¨ opening is needed as the utility bid, so 1© is used to show hearts. The relay structure is the same, moved up one step. Note: this causes the 2§ and 2¨ relay responses to become natural, so these two suits are swapped.

    Relay responses

    Step Description
    1ª 4+ª
    1NT 4+§
    2§ 4+¨ with 5+©
    2¨ 4© with 5+¨
    Higher rebids all indicate heart single-suiters
    2© hi shortage
    2ª mid (¨) shortage
    2NT "even" shortage (3622 or 2722)
    3§ 3-5-3-2
    3¨ 3-6-3-1
    3© 3-7-3-0
    3ª 7©1§(32) 4+BCC
    3NT 7©1§(32) 0-3BCC

    Other hands (balanced, 3 suited, minors)

    The utility bid varies with methods, and, unlike heart-showing bids, has an extra hand-type incorporated into the FP opening (of 1§). 1¨ is the utility bid in strong club methods, and excludes balanced hands (pass with balanced 10-11).

    Commonly it is the balanced hand of complementary strength to that opened with 1NT at the prevailing vulnerability. Thus, it would be 13-15 HCP when Non-vul, or 10-12 HCP if vulnerable. After the identification of this type, simplicity and symmetry dictate that all our enquiry bidding follows the response structure to a 1NT opening as detailed above. Elegantly, in any competitive auction where the balanced hand is identified, we play our full Lebensohl-with-Rubens-advances `a la Woolsey.

    Most simply put, the 1§ opener is 10-15 HCP with either:

    • a balanced hand, with wrong range for 1NT opening (and no 5 card major)
    • a two-suited hand with exactly 4ª
    • a two- or three-suited hand with both minors (denies 5ª).

    Relay responses

    The most common action by Responder is to relay with [1¨]. This is not necessarily game-forcing, but opener is expected to relay out his hand to 2NT should fourth hand intervene. After a second relay, however, a game-force is implicit in most auctions. In reply to the relay, opener bids as follows. Note that after 1§-[1¨], responder has a natural signoff available wherever possible.

    Response Description Relay
    1© balanced hand  
    1ª 4ª in non-balanced hand ???
    1NT 3-suiter with spade shortage 2ª
    2§ 4¨ with 5+§ 2©
    2¨ 4§ with 5+¨  
    2© 5-5 or 6-5 in minors with short ª  
    2ª 6-5 minors -1-1  
    2NT 5-5 or 6-5 in minors with short © 3©

    After 1§-[1¨]-1©:

    Bid Description
    1ª Puppet to 1NT (see below)
    1NT Invitational
    2§ Stayman
    2¨/2© Transfer
    2ª Puppet (to what???)

    After 1§-[1¨]-1©-1ª-1NT:

    Bid Description
    Pass Terminal
    2§/2¨ Terminal
    2©/2ª Terminal - go via transfer if invitational
    2NT Relay
    3X Alpha?

    The fert

    The notes are completely out of date here, and totally inconsistent with general principles. This is my best guess.

    Responder bids naturally at the 2-level with about 9+ HCP and a six card suit or 5+5+.

    • With spades and a minor, bid the minor.
    • With hearts and a minor, bid hearts.
    • With majors, bid spades.
    • With minors, bid 2NT.
    The ferter will usually pass the response, but can choose to bid with trump support. Example auction over 1©-2©:

    Bid Desciption Comments
    Pass The most common action  
    3§ The exception hand, 10+ with clubs All other bids are ignoring the 3§ step.
    Step 1 Puppet to step 2, SST bidding shortage downwards !? Editor's note: this goes against your normal principle of bidding the suit below the shortage, which you do over the 1ª opening for example. Of course, that's always been my problem with the whole idea of "length upwards" - you have to make exceptions all over the place, like swapping the majors to stop them being natural. Much simpler to just bid length downwards and shortages upwards and maintain some consistency.
    Step 2 Puppet to step 3, LST in § or ¨  
    Raise - 1 3-card raise or LST in ª  
    Raise 4-card raise  
    Raise + 10-15, 6+§, 3-card support  
    Double raise 5-card support  

    Strong hands

    At adverse vulnerability 1§ is our strong opener, at all other conditions we make a Forcing Pass, which is ambiguous - being 0-4 or 16+ HCP (the weak option being introduced to prevent opponents taking too many liberties with their overcalls and conventional competitive methods. The hand they are stealing may well be their own!)

    When relaying out the full shape of a hand, hands are identified as either:

    • flat (4333 or 4432)
    • single-suited (one suit of 5 cards or longer, no other suit > 3)
    • 2-suited (at least 5-4)
    • 3-suited (4441 or 5440).

    Positive responses to Forcing Pass

    Step Shape
    Step 1 4+©, unbalanced, not minor three-suiter
    Step 2 4+ª, not 4©, unbalanced, not minor three-suiter
    Step 3 Flat hand (4333 or 4432)
    Step 4 5+§, not 4©, not 4ª unless minor three-suiter (when 4§ possible)
    Step 5 5+¨, single-suited hand
    Step 6 4¨ exactly, 5+§, no 4M
    Step 7 5+§ & 5+¨
    Step 8 4§ exactly, 5+¨, no 4M - zoom to full distribution

    Positive responses to Strong Club

    The responses to the Strong Club are the same as the reponses to the Forcing Pass, up one step. This means that several of the responses become natural, so they are shuffled around to increase the chance of relayer being declarer. This does not apply if relays are adjusted due to interference. The structure:

    Step Shape
    Step 1 4+ª, unbalanced hand, not minor three-suiter
    Step 2 Flat hand, or red two-suiter
    Step 3 4+©, single-suited or with §
    Step 4 5+§, ©<4, not 4ª unless minor three-suiter (when 4§ possible)
    Step 5 5+¨, single-suited hand
    Step 6 4¨ exactly, 5+§, no 4M
    Step 7 5+§ & 5+¨
    Step 8 4§ exactly, 5+¨, no 4M - zoom to full distribution

    Relay structure

    The Main Sequence which forms the skeleton of all relay auctions applies in all the following situations:

    Opening Symmetric responses
    FP Positive response
    1§ Positive response
    FP - 1§ - 1¨ Semi-positive
    1§ - 1¨ - 1© Semi-positive
    FP - 1§ - 1¨ - 1© - 1ª Second-negative run-on
    1§ - 1¨ - 1© - 1ª - 2§ Second-negative run-on
    FP - (1-suit overcall) Semi-positive run-on
    F1§ - (1-suit overcall) Semi-positive run-on
    F1§ - (X) Semi-positive responses immediately
    1©(fert) - 1ª Responses
    FP - 1§(20+) - 1¨(0-4 or 20+) - 1© run-on with 0-4 HCP

    WE DO NOT USE SYMMETRIC STRUCTURE OVER THE 2§ FERT.

    In auctions where interference occurs, we continue to relay so long as ten total steps (5332 and 5431) can be expressed at no higher than 3NT.

    Flat hands

    After the response identifying 4333 or 4432 shape, the next relay begins to determine exact shape, as follows:

    Step Shape
    Step 1 Odd - two odd 4-card suits, or 4M333
    Step 2 Colour - two 4-card suits of the same colour
    Step 3 4m333
    Step 4+ Rank - two 4-card suits of the same rank
  • bid a doubleton
  • zoom with the third doubleton
  • bid NT with the most expensive doubleton
  • 1-suiters

    Step Shape
    Step 1 High shortage
    Step 2 Mid shortage
    Step 3 Even shortage (6322 / 7222)
    Step 4 5332
    Step 5 6331
    Step 6 7321
    Step 7 7330

    2-suiters

    Step Shape
    Step 1 Reverser
    Step 2 5+5+
    Step 3 High shortage
    Step 4 5422 or 7411
    Step 5 5431
    Step 6 6421
    Step 7 6430
    Step 8 7420

    3-suiters

    Step Shape
    Step 1 High$
    Step 2 4441
    Step 3 4450
    Step 4 4540
    Step 5+ 5440

    Interference over relays

    If the 5431/5332 hands come out at 3NT, then all other shapes are combined in 4§.
    Any higher interference breaks the relays.

    Exception: after 2§ game force we are up four steps with no limit.

    Control bases

    Positive responses to the strong openings require 2+ controls, so the base is 2:

    Step Strength
    Step 1 Minimum
    (8-12 or 10-13 HCP)
    Step 2 2-3 controls
    Step 3 4 controls
    Step 4 5 controls, etc

    With limited hands (opening bids), there is no control minimum:

    Step Strength
    Step 1 Maximum (13-15 HCP)
    (leave out this step if distributional)
    Step 2 0-3 controls
    Step 3 4 controls
    Step 4 5 controls, etc

    Blackwood

    Kickback and exclusion kickback in all obvious situations. The notes say that there is an exception: 1ª-(3m)-4NT is simple blackwood because kickback would go via 4m. Editor's note: this is just begging for a misunderstanding and I think the writers are out of their minds. By explicit discussion only.

    Competitive auctions

    When the opponents double

    See separate section on OSTOT.

    When the opponents overcall

    Negative free bids apply at the 2-level

    A cue of the opponent's suit is a good raise.

    Fit showing jumps apply at all levels (this is the case in all competitive auctions).

    When the opponents overcall 1NT

    After a 1NT overcall over one of our major-showing openings:

    Bid Description
    2§ 3 card support (or maybe Hx) and 5 cards in the other major
    2¨ Sound raise to the 2-level
    2M Less than a sound raise
    2OM Natural, 6 card suit, no fit, too weak to double
    Other Fit showing jumps, preemptive raises

    When the opponents make a two-suited overcall

    Bid Description
    Dbl Penalty, able to double at least one suit
    Cue1 GF, no fit, 5+ in other major
    Cue2 Limit raise or better
    Raise Competitive raise
    3OM Natural, constructive, not forcing
    Other Splinters in their suits, Kickback, etc.

    Forcing auctions

    • A natural raise to any level never sets up a forcing pass
    • A raise to the 4-level by cue, splinter or FSJ sets up a forcing pass
    • Any kind of limit raise sets up a forcing pass only after the opponents have reached the 5-level.
    • Pass then pull is a slam try.

    OSTOT

    Transfers apply after the opponents make a takeout double of our major suit openings (including 1¨ or 1© depending on system).

    After 1¨-(X)-?:

    Bid Description
    Pass Nothing to say, may conceal a standard redouble
    Rdbl Tolerance for ©, escape from ¨
    1© 5+ª
    1ª Puppet to 1NT, some values, no clear bid
    1NT 6+§, misfit, no values required
    2§ 6+¨, misfit, no values required
    2¨ Sound 3 card raise to 2©
    2© Bad 3 card raise to 2©
    2ª-3© System on, ignore the double
    3ª Fit showing jump
    3NT Undiscussed
    4§ Fit showing jump
    4¨ Fit showing jump

    After 1©-(X)-?:

    Bid Description
    Pass Nothing to say, may conceal a standard redouble
    Rdbl 5+ª
    1ª Puppet to 1NT, some values, no clear bid
    1NT+ Same as above

    After 1ª-(X)-?:

    Bid Description
    Pass Nothing to say, may conceal a standard redouble
    Rdbl Puppet to 1NT, some values, no clear bid
    1NT+ Same as above

    Rubens advances

    Rubens Advances apply after all our overcalls. (1 and 2 level only? - check this)

    Bids up to the cue bid are natural and forcing (FNJ by passed hand).
    Cue bid and all suits up to raise minus 1 are transfers.
    A transfer raise is invitational.

    After a 1© or 1ª overcall, responses 2NT and above are raises as per opening bids.

    Click this link for a more detailed explanation of Rubens Advances.

    Myxomatosis Twos

    Opening Options Responses
    to 2NT enquiry
    2§
    VUL ONLY
    10-15 HCP, 6+§
    Weak two ¨
    Weak two-suiter ©ª
    3§ / 3¨
    3ª / 3NT
    3©
    2¨ 10-15 HCP, 6+¨
    Weak two ©
    Weak two-suiter §ª
    3¨ / 3©
    3§ / 3NT
    3ª
    2© Acol two ©
    Weak two ª
    Weak two-suiter §¨
    3© / 3ª
    3¨ / 3NT
    3§
    2ª Acol two ª
    3§ preempt
    Weak two-suiter ¨©
    Solid § with side ace or king
    3ª / 3§
    3©
    3¨
    3NT
    2NT Weak two-suiter §©
    Weak two-suiter ¨ª
    N/A

    Over the weak two rebid (two steps below the suit), step is relay, and first step response (bidding the suit) is a bad hand. All other steps are denial cues, skipping with 2 honours in the weak two suit and one honour in other suits.

    Fout's overcalls

    Fout's overcalls are an optional convention played in any partnership where two or more of the following players are gathered: Mark Abraham, Paul Collins, Michael Wilkinson, Brad Coles, Bob Sebesfi.

    Click this link for a detailed explanation of the overcall structure.

    Questions
    • Explicit detail needed on the 5422/7411 and 6322/7222 auctions.
    • Negative free bids at which levels?
    • 4th seat OSTOT auctions. Also, what sort of hands pass the double
      (eg. does pass necessarily show values, and if not,
      can opener make a penalty double of their runout like they would over a standard redouble, and if not,
      what happens when the trumps are with opener and the bid gets passed back to responder who has shortage, what kind of trumps would a double show,
      etc?)
    • What is 1NT-(2§)-3ª?
    • What do you bid with decent hands with diamonds over 1NT-(2©/ª)-?
    • Is 1N-(2©)-3ª-4¨ kickback? What about 1N-(2©)-3ª-4§-4¨? Or does Kickback only apply to jumps?
    • Confirm that after a natural 1© opening, the 6520 and 5620 shapes are both combined in 3NT, and if so, are they resolved with the 4§ relay (with 4¨ being control ask), or is 4§ the control ask?